{"id":1485,"date":"2025-11-15T06:00:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-15T12:00:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=1485"},"modified":"2025-11-15T06:00:33","modified_gmt":"2025-11-15T12:00:33","slug":"opuntiophagous-vertebrates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/","title":{"rendered":"Opuntiaphagous Vertebrates"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><sup>(Photograph = male baboons with Opuntia in Africa)<\/sup><\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"15\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"335\">It\u2019s a mouthful of a title. What does it mean? <em data-start=\"64\" data-end=\"80\">Opuntiaphagous<\/em> comes from two parts: <em data-start=\"103\" data-end=\"112\">Opuntia<\/em> and <em data-start=\"117\" data-end=\"127\">-phagous<\/em>. We all know what <em data-start=\"146\" data-end=\"155\">Opuntia<\/em> means. <em data-start=\"163\" data-end=\"172\">Phagous<\/em> (from Greek) means \u201ceating.\u201d So, <em data-start=\"206\" data-end=\"222\">opuntiaphagous<\/em> means \u201ceating <em data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"246\">Opuntia<\/em>.\u201d Vertebrates are animals with backbones\u2014turtles, lizards, birds, cows, goats, and more.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"337\" data-end=\"352\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"354\" data-end=\"499\">Park Nobel edited a 2002 book about cacti. In Chapter 7, the authors described vertebrates known to eat <em data-start=\"458\" data-end=\"467\">Opuntia<\/em> (or some part of an <em data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"497\">Opuntia<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"501\" data-end=\"607\">Fruit is the most commonly eaten part, but seeds, nectar, pollen, cladodes, and even roots are also taken.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"942\">Tortoises, iguanas, and certain lizards eat various parts of <em data-start=\"670\" data-end=\"679\">Opuntia<\/em>. Ostriches, emus, doves, and quail are all known to eat some portion, too. Rabbits, jackrabbits, ground squirrels, and sloths eat <em data-start=\"810\" data-end=\"819\">Opuntia<\/em>. Gray foxes, porcupines, and black bears have been observed eating it. Bison, mule deer, and goats also consume <em data-start=\"932\" data-end=\"941\">Opuntia<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"1346\">In all, 89 vertebrate species (including humans) have been reported to eat <em data-start=\"1019\" data-end=\"1028\">Opuntia<\/em>. The authors note that the topic is seldom studied and many observations are incidental. <em data-start=\"1118\" data-end=\"1128\">Opuntias<\/em> are studied a lot in the United States, so records may be uneven across regions. It\u2019s likely that many more vertebrates eat <em data-start=\"1253\" data-end=\"1262\">Opuntia<\/em> but simply haven\u2019t been reported. To date, few comprehensive studies seem to exist.<\/p>\n<p>Additional Reading:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/Consumption-of-Opuntias.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Vertebrate Consumption of Opuntias<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 235px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"235\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/lizard-tricksydicksy\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"231\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"142\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1495\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"701,429\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Lizard, TricksyDicksy\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Lizard, TricksyDicksy&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy-300x184.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy-600x367.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy.jpg?w=231&#038;h=142&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy.jpg 701w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy-300x184.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/lizard-tricksydicksy-600x367.jpg 600w\" width=\"231\" height=\"142\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"231\" data-original-height=\"142\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Lizard, TricksyDicksy\" alt=\"Lizard, TricksyDicksy\" style=\"width: 231px; height: 142px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Lizard, TricksyDicksy <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"231\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"154\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1494\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1000,667\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Cactus finch, Aposematic\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Cactus finch, Aposematic&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic-300x200.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic-600x400.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic.jpg?w=231&#038;h=154&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/geospiza-opuntia-aposematic-600x400.jpg 600w\" width=\"231\" height=\"154\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"231\" data-original-height=\"154\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Cactus finch, Aposematic\" alt=\"Cactus finch, Aposematic\" style=\"width: 231px; height: 154px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Cactus finch, Aposematic <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 405px; height: 304px;\" data-original-width=\"405\" data-original-height=\"304\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/roundtail-squirrel-and-prickly-pear-cactus-near-tucson-az\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"401\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"300\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1493\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,765\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Roundtail Squirrel, Lon and Queta\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Roundtail Squirrel and Prickly Pear Cactus; near Tucson, AZ&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta-300x224.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta-600x448.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta.jpg?w=401&#038;h=300&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta-300x224.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/ground-squirrel-lon-and-queta-600x448.jpg 600w\" width=\"401\" height=\"300\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"401\" data-original-height=\"300\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Roundtail Squirrel, Lon and Queta\" alt=\"Roundtail Squirrel, Lon and Queta\" style=\"width: 401px; height: 300px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Roundtail Squirrel, Lon and Queta <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 260px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"260\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 387px; height: 260px;\" data-original-width=\"387\" data-original-height=\"260\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"383\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"256\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1492\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,683\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Goat, Kaleb\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Goat, Kaleb&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb-300x200.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb-600x400.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb.jpg?w=383&#038;h=256&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/goat-eating-opuntia-kaleb-600x400.jpg 600w\" width=\"383\" height=\"256\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"383\" data-original-height=\"256\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Goat, Kaleb\" alt=\"Goat, Kaleb\" style=\"width: 383px; height: 256px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Goat, Kaleb <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 253px; height: 260px;\" data-original-width=\"253\" data-original-height=\"260\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/gopherus-polyphemus-andrea-westmoreland\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"249\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"256\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1490\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"995,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Gopherus polyphemus, Andrea Westmoreland\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Gopherus polyphemus, Andrea Westmoreland&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland-292x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland-583x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland.jpg?w=249&#038;h=256&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland.jpg 995w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland-292x300.jpg 292w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland-583x600.jpg 583w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/gopherus-polyphemus-Andrea-Westmoreland-50x50.jpg 50w\" width=\"249\" height=\"256\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"249\" data-original-height=\"256\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Gopherus polyphemus, Andrea Westmoreland\" alt=\"Gopherus polyphemus, Andrea Westmoreland\" style=\"width: 249px; height: 256px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Gopherus polyphemus, Andrea Westmoreland <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 852px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"852\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 852px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"852\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/opuntiophagous-vertebrates\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"636\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"848\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"1491\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"750,1000\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Horse with Opuntia ficus-indica, Kim Starr\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Horse with Opuntia ficus-indica, Kim Starr&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr-225x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr.jpg?w=636&#038;h=848&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr.jpg 750w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/horse-with-opuntia-ficus-indica-forest-and-kim-starr-450x600.jpg 450w\" width=\"636\" height=\"848\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"636\" data-original-height=\"848\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Horse with Opuntia ficus-indica, Kim Starr\" alt=\"Horse with Opuntia ficus-indica, Kim Starr\" style=\"width: 636px; height: 848px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Horse with Opuntia ficus-indica, Kim Starr <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Photograph = male baboons with Opuntia in Africa) Introduction It\u2019s a mouthful of a title. What does it mean? Opuntiaphagous comes from two parts: Opuntia and -phagous. We all know what Opuntia means. Phagous (from Greek) means \u201ceating.\u201d So, opuntiaphagous means \u201ceating Opuntia.\u201d Vertebrates are animals with backbones\u2014turtles, lizards, birds, cows, goats, and more. The Details Park Nobel edited a 2002 book about cacti. In Chapter 7, the authors described vertebrates known to eat Opuntia (or some part of an Opuntia). Fruit is the most commonly eaten part, but seeds,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":1496,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7],"tags":[26],"class_list":["post-1485","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals","tag-biology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2015\/02\/baboons.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1485","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1485"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1485\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6876,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1485\/revisions\/6876"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1496"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1485"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1485"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1485"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}