{"id":4107,"date":"2025-12-13T18:46:02","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T00:46:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=4107"},"modified":"2025-12-13T18:46:02","modified_gmt":"2025-12-14T00:46:02","slug":"animal-browsing-and-cacti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/animal-browsing-and-cacti\/","title":{"rendered":"Animal Browsing and Cacti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Photograph = Grazing Cattle, Anthony Citrano)<\/p>\n<article class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none [--shadow-height:45px] has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none has-data-writing-block:-mt-(--shadow-height) has-data-writing-block:pt-(--shadow-height) [&amp;:has([data-writing-block])&gt;*]:pointer-events-auto scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"-1\" data-turn-id=\"request-WEB:98bf1ad8-0e07-435a-a0f1-8569bafd9ced-7\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-16\" data-scroll-anchor=\"true\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 [--thread-content-margin:--spacing(4)] thread-sm:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(6)] thread-lg:[--thread-content-margin:--spacing(16)] px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&amp;]:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"04c9c870-65f3-44a9-bf26-e2446d52177d\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-thinking\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden first:pt-[1px]\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling\">\n<h2 data-start=\"48\" data-end=\"62\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"313\">Disturbance in cactus country comes from many sources\u2014livestock grazing, wild herbivores, human activity, and general land degradation. In many cases, disturbance reduces cactus growth, survival, and the number of seedlings that make it to adulthood.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"315\" data-end=\"329\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"330\" data-end=\"637\">Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, rabbits, and javelina all use cactus habitats. Their effects depend on how many animals are present, how long they stay, and whether the range is dry or recovering from drought. The same pasture can tolerate light use in a wet year, then decline under the same use in a dry year.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"639\" data-end=\"725\">There are several ways grazing and traffic can disturb cacti and cactus-growing areas:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"727\" data-end=\"1520\">\n<li data-start=\"727\" data-end=\"864\">\n<p data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"864\"><strong data-start=\"729\" data-end=\"749\">Animal droppings<\/strong> \u2014 Concentrated dung and urine create \u201chot spots\u201d that can push grasses and forbs to outcompete cactus seedlings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"1001\">\n<p data-start=\"867\" data-end=\"1001\"><strong data-start=\"867\" data-end=\"909\">Mechanical damage (stepping on plants)<\/strong> \u2014 Trampling snaps pads, crushes seedlings, and breaks spines that protect growing points.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1123\">\n<p data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1123\"><strong data-start=\"1004\" data-end=\"1016\">Browsing<\/strong> \u2014 Goats and deer will bite pads, flowers, and fruits; repeated bites weaken plants and reduce flowering.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1124\" data-end=\"1256\">\n<p data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1256\"><strong data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1156\">Formation of animal trails<\/strong> \u2014 Repeated use funnels water and feet along the same lines, exposing roots and channeling runoff.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1257\" data-end=\"1391\">\n<p data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1391\"><strong data-start=\"1259\" data-end=\"1278\">Soil compaction<\/strong> \u2014 Hoof action packs the surface, reducing water infiltration and the tiny soil pockets seedlings need to root.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1392\" data-end=\"1520\">\n<p data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1520\"><strong data-start=\"1394\" data-end=\"1423\">Induction of soil erosion<\/strong> \u2014 Bare, compacted stretches shed water; fine soil washes away, leaving gravel and exposed roots.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1522\" data-end=\"1858\">Not all effects are equal across species or life stages. Seedlings and small plants are most vulnerable to trampling and browsing. Taller columnar cacti may lose flowers and fruits to browsing, which cuts into reproduction. Clump-forming species can survive pad loss better than single-stem species because undamaged stems keep growing.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1860\" data-end=\"2186\">Timing and intensity matter. Heavy use during drought leaves little cover and can set back recovery for years. Short, light use followed by rest, especially when soils are moist and plants are growing, does less harm. Damage also concentrates near water tanks, gates, salt blocks, and shady loafing areas where animals linger.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2188\" data-end=\"2568\">Interestingly, one study of a Mexican Mammillaria found that limited, well-timed grazing increased cactus density on stony ground. The authors proposed that light grazing reduced competing shrubs and grasses enough to open new safe sites for seedlings. The effect did not depend on nurse plants and did not involve deep soils; it was specific to rocky ground with low competition.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2570\" data-end=\"2622\"><strong data-start=\"2570\" data-end=\"2620\">Practical notes for land stewards and visitors<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"2623\" data-end=\"3103\">\n<li data-start=\"2623\" data-end=\"2715\">\n<p data-start=\"2625\" data-end=\"2715\">Keep salt and mineral blocks, feeders, and water troughs away from dense cactus patches.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2716\" data-end=\"2803\">\n<p data-start=\"2718\" data-end=\"2803\">Rotate use and allow rest periods after dry spells so plants and soils can recover.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2804\" data-end=\"2877\">\n<p data-start=\"2806\" data-end=\"2877\">Maintain some shrub and grass cover to hold soil and shade seedlings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2878\" data-end=\"2988\">\n<p data-start=\"2880\" data-end=\"2988\">On foot or on vehicles, avoid narrow washes and cryptobiotic crusts where a few passes do the most damage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"2989\" data-end=\"3103\">\n<p data-start=\"2991\" data-end=\"3103\">In parks and shared lands, simple signage and seasonal closures around sensitive patches help seedlings survive.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3444\"><strong data-start=\"3105\" data-end=\"3120\">Bottom line<\/strong><br data-start=\"3120\" data-end=\"3123\" \/>Light, brief use with recovery time can be tolerated in many cactus habitats, especially on rocky sites. Continuous heavy use\u2014particularly in drought\u2014leads to broken plants, compacted soils, and fewer seedlings. Small adjustments in timing and concentration make a large difference in how well cactus communities persist.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"z-0 flex min-h-[46px] justify-start\">Additional Reading: <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Chronic-Disturbance-Effects-on-Mammillaria-pectinifera.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Chronic Disturbance Effects on Mammillaria pectinifera<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 178px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"178\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 267px; height: 178px;\" data-original-width=\"267\" data-original-height=\"178\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/animal-browsing-and-cacti\/grazing-carol-von-canon\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"263\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"174\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4112\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,792\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;16&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;unknown&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 30D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1204044934&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;66&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;200&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.002&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Grazing, Carol von Canon\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Grazing, Carol von Canon&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon-400x264.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon-500x330.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon.jpg?w=263&#038;h=174&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon-400x264.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon-768x507.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazing-carol-von-canon-500x330.jpg 500w\" width=\"263\" height=\"174\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"263\" data-original-height=\"174\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Grazing, Carol von Canon\" alt=\"Grazing, Carol von Canon\" style=\"width: 263px; height: 174px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Grazing, Carol von Canon <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 501px; height: 178px;\" data-original-width=\"501\" data-original-height=\"178\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/animal-browsing-and-cacti\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"497\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"174\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4113\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,420\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Grazed Area, Patrick Alexander\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Grazed Area, Patrick Alexander&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander-400x140.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander-500x175.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander.jpg?w=497&#038;h=174&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander-400x140.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander-768x269.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/grazed-area-patrick-alexander-500x175.jpg 500w\" width=\"497\" height=\"174\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"497\" data-original-height=\"174\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Grazed Area, Patrick Alexander\" alt=\"Grazed Area, Patrick Alexander\" style=\"width: 497px; height: 174px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Grazed Area, Patrick Alexander <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 354px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"354\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 270px; height: 354px;\" data-original-width=\"270\" data-original-height=\"354\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/animal-browsing-and-cacti\/grazing-anne-worner\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"266\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"146\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4114\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,660\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Grazing, Anne Worner\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Grazing, Anne Worner&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner-400x220.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner-500x275.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner.jpg?w=266&#038;h=146&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner-400x220.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Grazing-Anne-Worner-500x275.jpg 500w\" width=\"266\" height=\"146\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"266\" data-original-height=\"146\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Grazing, Anne Worner\" alt=\"Grazing, Anne Worner\" style=\"width: 266px; height: 146px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Grazing, Anne Worner <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/serotiny-in-mammillaria-pectinifera\/mammillaria-pectinifera-rodrigodaniel\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"266\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"200\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4098\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,600\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mammillaria pectinifera, Rodrigo Daniel\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Mammillaria pectinifera, Rodrigo Daniel&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-400x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-500x375.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel.jpg?w=266&#038;h=200&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel.jpg 800w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/mammillaria-pectinifera-RodrigoDaniel-776x584.jpg 776w\" width=\"266\" height=\"200\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"266\" data-original-height=\"200\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Mammillaria pectinifera, Rodrigo Daniel\" alt=\"Mammillaria pectinifera, Rodrigo Daniel\" style=\"width: 266px; height: 200px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Mammillaria pectinifera, Rodrigo Daniel <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 498px; height: 354px;\" data-original-width=\"498\" data-original-height=\"354\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/animal-browsing-and-cacti\/mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp-andersoniana-resenter89\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"494\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"350\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4116\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,849\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Mammillaria perezdelarosae ssp. andersoniana, Resenter89\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Mammillaria perezdelarosae ssp. andersoniana, Resenter89&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89-400x283.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89-500x354.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89.jpg?w=494&#038;h=350&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89-400x283.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89-768x543.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/05\/Mammillaria-perezdelarosae-ssp.-andersoniana-resenter89-500x354.jpg 500w\" width=\"494\" height=\"350\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"494\" data-original-height=\"350\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Mammillaria perezdelarosae ssp. andersoniana, Resenter89\" alt=\"Mammillaria perezdelarosae ssp. andersoniana\" style=\"width: 494px; height: 350px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Mammillaria perezdelarosae ssp andersoniana, Resenter89 <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Photograph = Grazing Cattle, Anthony Citrano) Introduction Disturbance in cactus country comes from many sources\u2014livestock grazing, wild herbivores, human activity, and general land degradation. In many cases, disturbance reduces cactus growth, survival, and the number of seedlings that make it to adulthood. The Details Cattle, sheep, goats, deer, rabbits, and javelina all use cactus habitats. 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