{"id":4137,"date":"2025-10-24T18:05:02","date_gmt":"2025-10-24T23:05:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=4137"},"modified":"2025-10-24T18:05:02","modified_gmt":"2025-10-24T23:05:02","slug":"bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/","title":{"rendered":"Bats Distribute Seeds of a Cactus?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(Photograph = R. juengeri with greenish fruit)<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"15\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"410\">A new species of <em data-start=\"34\" data-end=\"45\">Rhipsalis<\/em>\u2014<em data-start=\"46\" data-end=\"59\">R. juengeri<\/em>\u2014was described from the Atlantic Rainforest in eastern Brazil. It forms more than three-meter curtains that hang from the canopy. At the tips of the thin, pendant shoots it bears small, greenish berries that, unusually for a cactus, are strongly scented with a black-currant\u2013like aroma. The scent, rather than bright color, is the plant\u2019s main signal.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"427\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"429\" data-end=\"763\">Because the fruits are dull green to light beige\u2014not the red or white that typically attract birds\u2014their strong, berry-like odor likely targets animals that rely more on smell than on color. The leading candidate is a bat. Bats are active at night, they have keen olfaction, and they commonly feed on soft fruits in the forest canopy.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"765\" data-end=\"1265\">Several fruit traits fit that idea. The berries develop and are presented at the very tips of long, hanging shoots, where a flying mammal could easily pluck them. Ripe fruits can persist on the plant for weeks to months and remain aromatic the whole time, increasing the chance that a nocturnal frugivore finds them. Each fruit carries only a few seeds, which is typical of animal-dispersed plants that \u201cpackage\u201d seeds in small, frequent servings rather than in large, colorful crops meant for birds.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1267\" data-end=\"1496\">This is still a hypothesis, but it is a reasonable one: a scented, canopy-hung fruit could feed bats, and in return the bats could deposit seeds on branches or trunk surfaces\u2014exactly where an epiphytic cactus needs to start life.<\/p>\n<p>Additional Reading:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/A-Cactus-with-Scented-and-Possibly-Bat-Dispersed-Fruits.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A Cactus with Scented and Possibly Bat-Dispersed Fruits<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 321px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"321\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 213px; height: 321px;\" data-original-width=\"213\" data-original-height=\"321\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/rhipsalis-plant\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"209\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"317\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4147\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"793,1200\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Rhipsalis plant\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhipsalis plant&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant-264x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant-397x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant.jpg?w=209&#038;h=317&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant.jpg 793w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant-264x400.jpg 264w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant-768x1162.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-plant-397x600.jpg 397w\" width=\"209\" height=\"317\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"209\" data-original-height=\"317\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rhipsalis plant\" alt=\"Rhipsalis plant\" style=\"width: 209px; height: 317px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Rhipsalis plant <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 427px; height: 321px;\" data-original-width=\"427\" data-original-height=\"321\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"423\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"317\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4146\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Rhipsalis seeds, Daiv Freeman\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhipsalis seeds, Daiv Freeman&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv-400x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv-500x375.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv.jpg?w=423&#038;h=317&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv.jpg 600w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-seeds-daiv-500x375.jpg 500w\" width=\"423\" height=\"317\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"423\" data-original-height=\"317\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rhipsalis seeds, Daiv Freeman\" alt=\"Rhipsalis seeds, Daiv Freeman\" style=\"width: 423px; height: 317px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Rhipsalis seeds, Daiv Freeman <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 640px; height: 466px;\" data-original-width=\"640\" data-original-height=\"466\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 351px; height: 466px;\" data-original-width=\"351\" data-original-height=\"466\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/olympus-digital-camera-14\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"347\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"462\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4145\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-campos-portoana.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"300,400\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Rhipsalis campos-portoana with yellow fruits\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhipsalis campos-portoana with yellow fruits&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-campos-portoana-300x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-campos-portoana.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-campos-portoana.jpg?w=347&#038;h=462&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"347\" height=\"462\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"347\" data-original-height=\"462\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rhipsalis campos-portoana with yellow fruits\" alt=\"Rhipsalis campos-portoana with yellow fruits\" style=\"width: 347px; height: 462px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Rhipsalis campos-portoana with yellow fruits <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 289px; height: 466px;\" data-original-width=\"289\" data-original-height=\"466\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/rhipsalis_baccifera-frank-vincentz\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"250\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4144\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,700\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits, FrankVincentz\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits, FrankVincentz&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz-400x350.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz-500x438.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz.jpg?w=285&#038;h=250&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz.jpg 800w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz-400x350.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz-768x672.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-Frank-Vincentz-500x438.jpg 500w\" width=\"285\" height=\"250\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"250\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits, FrankVincentz\" alt=\"Rhipsalis baccifera\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 250px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits, FrankVincentz <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/bats-distribute-seeds-of-a-cactus\/rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"285\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"208\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4143\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"800,584\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits-400x292.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits-500x365.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits.jpg?w=285&#038;h=208&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits.jpg 800w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits-400x292.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits-768x561.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Rhipsalis_baccifera-fruits-500x365.jpg 500w\" width=\"285\" height=\"208\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"285\" data-original-height=\"208\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits\" alt=\"Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits\" style=\"width: 285px; height: 208px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Rhipsalis baccifera with white fruits <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(Photograph = R. juengeri with greenish fruit) Introduction A new species of Rhipsalis\u2014R. juengeri\u2014was described from the Atlantic Rainforest in eastern Brazil. It forms more than three-meter curtains that hang from the canopy. At the tips of the thin, pendant shoots it bears small, greenish berries that, unusually for a cactus, are strongly scented with a black-currant\u2013like aroma. The scent, rather than bright color, is the plant\u2019s main signal. The Details Because the fruits are dull green to light beige\u2014not the red or white that typically attract birds\u2014their strong, berry-like&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":4139,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,1],"tags":[40],"class_list":["post-4137","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cacti","category-other-topic","tag-seeds"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/rhipsalis-juengeri.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4137"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6981,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4137\/revisions\/6981"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4139"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4137"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4137"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4137"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}