{"id":4170,"date":"2025-10-25T06:29:03","date_gmt":"2025-10-25T11:29:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=4170"},"modified":"2025-10-25T06:29:03","modified_gmt":"2025-10-25T11:29:03","slug":"oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/","title":{"rendered":"Oreocereus celsianus Is Pollinated by the Giant Hummingbird"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 data-start=\"260\" data-end=\"275\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"496\"><em data-start=\"277\" data-end=\"299\">Oreocereus celsianus<\/em> is a columnar cactus of the high Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and northern Argentina. Researchers set out to identify its primary pollinator\u2014was it a bat (as in many columnar cacti), or something else?<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"498\" data-end=\"513\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"759\"><em data-start=\"515\" data-end=\"529\">O. celsianus<\/em> can reach about 20 ft tall. Its high, tubular, pinkish flowers and rich nectar suggest bird pollination. Flowers open in the afternoon of the first day and continue into the next, when diurnal visitors can access abundant nectar.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"761\" data-end=\"1124\">Butterflies, flies, bees, and moths visited the flowers, but bats were not observed. Hummingbirds were the key visitors. Three species appeared regularly\u2014the Giant Hummingbird (<em data-start=\"938\" data-end=\"954\">Patagona gigas<\/em>), the Wedge-tailed Hillstar (<em data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1005\">Oreotrochilus adela<\/em>), and the Sparkling Violetear (<em data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1056\">Colibri coruscans<\/em>)\u2014with the Giant Hummingbird by far the most frequent and effective.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1480\">Fruit set was high under natural conditions. The species is self-compatible and can set fruit via both self- and cross-pollination\u2014a \u201cfail-safe\u201d mixed mating system that helps ensure reproduction when pollinators are scarce. In the subtropical Andes, flowering typically occurs in summer (roughly December\u2013March), with fruits ripening in about six weeks.<\/p>\n<p>Additional Reading:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/Pollination-Biology-of-Oreocereus-celsianus.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Pollination Biology of Oreocereus celsianus<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 364px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"364\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 508px; height: 364px;\" data-original-width=\"508\" data-original-height=\"364\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"504\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"360\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4178\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,856\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;2.9&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DC3301&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1174809530&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00980392156863&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-500x357.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187.jpg?w=504&#038;h=360&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-768x548.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-500x357.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-400x285.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia3-e1760278029187-800x571.jpg 800w\" width=\"504\" height=\"360\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"504\" data-original-height=\"360\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" alt=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" style=\"width: 504px; height: 360px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 260px; height: 364px;\" data-original-width=\"260\" data-original-height=\"364\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/orocereus-celsianus-karl-gercens\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"256\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"164\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4177\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1172,751\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Joseph Shaw&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1496665812&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Karl Gercens\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oreocereus celsianus, Karl Gercens&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens-400x256.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens-500x320.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens.jpg?w=256&#038;h=164&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens.jpg 1172w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens-400x256.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens-768x492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Karl-Gercens-500x320.jpg 500w\" width=\"256\" height=\"164\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"256\" data-original-height=\"164\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Karl Gercens\" alt=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Karl Gercens\" style=\"width: 256px; height: 164px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Oreocereus celsianus, Karl Gercens <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/orocereus-celsianus-florencia-and-juan\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"256\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"192\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4176\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"600,450\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Florencia and Juan\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oreocereus celsianus, Florencia and Juan&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan-400x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan-500x375.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan.jpg?w=256&#038;h=192&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan.jpg 600w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-Florencia-and-Juan-500x375.jpg 500w\" width=\"256\" height=\"192\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"256\" data-original-height=\"192\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Florencia and Juan\" alt=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Florencia and Juan\" style=\"width: 256px; height: 192px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Oreocereus celsianus, Florencia and Juan <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 137px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"137\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 212px; height: 137px;\" data-original-width=\"212\" data-original-height=\"137\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/digital-camera\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"208\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"133\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4173\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,656\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Digital Camera&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Digital Camera&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1230995624&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;7.5&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;50&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.166&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Digital Camera&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Oreocereus celsianus\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oreocereus celsianus&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-400x256.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-500x320.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus.jpg?w=208&#038;h=133&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-400x256.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-768x492.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-500x320.jpg 500w\" width=\"208\" height=\"133\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"208\" data-original-height=\"133\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Oreocereus celsianus\" alt=\"Oreocereus celsianus\" style=\"width: 208px; height: 133px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Oreocereus celsianus <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 180px; height: 137px;\" data-original-width=\"180\" data-original-height=\"137\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"176\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"133\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4179\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,910\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Giant Hummingbird, Dominic Sherony\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-400x303.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-500x379.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony.jpg?w=176&#038;h=133&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-400x303.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-768x582.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-500x379.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-dominic-sherony-776x584.jpg 776w\" width=\"176\" height=\"133\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"176\" data-original-height=\"133\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Giant Hummingbird, Dominic Sherony\" alt=\"Giant Hummingbird, Dominic Sherony\" style=\"width: 176px; height: 133px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Giant Hummingbird, Dominic Sherony <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 185px; height: 137px;\" data-original-width=\"185\" data-original-height=\"137\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"181\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"133\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4180\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,882\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ4&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1189349994&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;72&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00625&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Giant Hummingbird, Rodolfo Walker\" data-image-description=\"\" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker-400x294.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker-500x368.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker.jpg?w=181&#038;h=133&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker-400x294.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker-768x564.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/patagona-gigas-rodolfo-walker-500x368.jpg 500w\" width=\"181\" height=\"133\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"181\" data-original-height=\"133\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Giant Hummingbird, Rodolfo Walker\" alt=\"Giant Hummingbird, Rodolfo Walker\" style=\"width: 181px; height: 133px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Giant Hummingbird, Rodolfo Walker <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 191px; height: 137px;\" data-original-width=\"191\" data-original-height=\"137\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/oreocereus-celsianus-is-pollinated-by-the-giant-hummingbird\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"187\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"133\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4171\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,727\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;7.13&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DC3301&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1174909281&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.00149700598802&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-500x355.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844.jpg?w=187&#038;h=133&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-500x355.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-400x284.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/06\/orocereus-celsianus-sebastian-santecchia4-e1760277991844-800x568.jpg 800w\" width=\"187\" height=\"133\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"187\" data-original-height=\"133\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" alt=\"Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia\" style=\"width: 187px; height: 133px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Oreocereus celsianus, Sebastian Santecchia <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Introduction Oreocereus celsianus is a columnar cactus of the high Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and northern Argentina. Researchers set out to identify its primary pollinator\u2014was it a bat (as in many columnar cacti), or something else? The Details O. celsianus can reach about 20 ft tall. Its high, tubular, pinkish flowers and rich nectar suggest [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":6976,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[7,1],"tags":[43,28],"class_list":["post-4170","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals","category-other-topic","tag-birds","tag-south-america"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Oreotrochilus-adela-e1760278392730.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4170"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6974,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4170\/revisions\/6974"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4170"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4170"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4170"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}