{"id":611,"date":"2025-10-20T00:50:18","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T05:50:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=611"},"modified":"2025-10-20T00:50:18","modified_gmt":"2025-10-20T05:50:18","slug":"nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/","title":{"rendered":"Nurse Plant Hilaria rigida and Agave deserti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>(photo = Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos)<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"194\" data-end=\"209\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"412\">Nurse plants are plants that protect and otherwise help seedlings of another species grow until they can survive on their own. Nurse plants can provide shade, reduce wind and heat, and enrich the soil.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"414\" data-end=\"429\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"909\"><em data-start=\"431\" data-end=\"447\">Hilaria rigida<\/em> (now often treated as <em data-start=\"470\" data-end=\"489\">Pleuraphis rigida<\/em>, big galleta) is a common bunchgrass of the western deserts. It forms persistent clumps in deserts, scrublands, and even sand dunes\u2014places where seedlings of any species have difficulty establishing. In full sun, desert soil-surface temperatures can exceed 150\u00b0F. Clumps of <em data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"775\">H. rigida<\/em> shade the ground and keep those temperatures much lower. <em data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"844\">H. rigida<\/em> is a nurse plant for <em data-start=\"866\" data-end=\"881\">Agave deserti<\/em> and other succulent plants.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"911\" data-end=\"1504\">In addition to providing shade and cooler microsites, soils beneath <em data-start=\"979\" data-end=\"990\">H. rigida<\/em> tend to have more nitrogen than nearby open ground. There is a trade-off, however: the grass and the seedling overlap in shallow soil and compete for water, and the shade reduces available light. Field measurements and modeling show that a seedling at the center of a clump can take up much less water than an exposed seedling, and light (PAR) beneath the canopy can be sharply reduced. Even so, the cooler, nutrient-richer microsite often makes the difference between survival and lethal heat for tiny seedlings.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1506\" data-end=\"1576\">In time, the agaves grow large and compete more effectively for water.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1578\" data-end=\"1806\">Much in nature is a trade-off as various species compete for precious resources. What <em data-start=\"1664\" data-end=\"1675\">H. rigida<\/em> \u201cgets\u201d is indirect: its clumps trap litter and sediment, creating small fertility islands that shape which plants establish there.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333333;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt;\">Additional reading:<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-desertii-nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Agave deserti and nurseplant, Hilaria ridiga<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 369px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"369\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 490px; height: 369px;\" data-original-width=\"490\" data-original-height=\"369\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"486\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"365\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"625\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1024,768\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agave sp in grass\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Agave sp in grass, Amante Darmanin&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar-300x225.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar-600x450.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar.jpg?w=486&#038;h=365&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/agave-sp-growing-in-grass-amantedar-600x450.jpg 600w\" width=\"486\" height=\"365\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"486\" data-original-height=\"365\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Agave sp in grass\" alt=\"Agave sp in grass\" style=\"width: 486px; height: 365px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Agave sp in grass, Amante Darmanin <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 278px; height: 369px;\" data-original-width=\"278\" data-original-height=\"369\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"274\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"365\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"619\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"768,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hilaria rigidia\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2-225x300.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2.jpg?w=274&#038;h=365&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos2-450x600.jpg 450w\" width=\"274\" height=\"365\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"274\" data-original-height=\"365\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Hilaria rigidia\" alt=\"Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos\" style=\"width: 274px; height: 365px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 527px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"527\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/hilaria-pleuraphis-rigidus-scribn-big-galleta-grass\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"523\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"349\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"620\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"768,512\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos-300x200.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos-600x400.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos.jpg?w=523&#038;h=349&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos-600x400.jpg 600w\" width=\"523\" height=\"349\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"523\" data-original-height=\"349\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos\" alt=\"Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos\" style=\"width: 523px; height: 349px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"237\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"157\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"621\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,796\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Hilaria rigida, Daniel Meyers\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Hilaria rigida, Daniel Meyers&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer-300x199.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer-600x398.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer.jpg?w=237&#038;h=157&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-daniel-mayer-600x398.jpg 600w\" width=\"237\" height=\"157\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"237\" data-original-height=\"157\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Hilaria rigida, Daniel Meyers\" alt=\"Hilaria rigida, Daniel Meyers\" style=\"width: 237px; height: 157px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Hilaria rigida, Daniel Meyers <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/agave_deserti\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"237\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"188\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"3394\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1500,1185\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;DMC-FZ20&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1110718033&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;6&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;80&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.003125&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agave desertii\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Agave desertii&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti-400x316.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti-500x395.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti.jpg?w=237&#038;h=188&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti-400x316.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti-768x607.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/Agave_deserti-500x395.jpg 500w\" width=\"237\" height=\"188\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"237\" data-original-height=\"188\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Agave desertii\" alt=\"Agave desertii\" style=\"width: 237px; height: 188px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Agave desertii <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 255px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"255\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 387px; height: 255px;\" data-original-width=\"387\" data-original-height=\"255\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/agave-deserti\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"383\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"251\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4070\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,788\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Geir Edland&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 20D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Agave deserti in Organpipe Cactus National Monument, April 2007&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1175451990&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.008&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Agave deserti&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agave deserti, Geir K Edlund\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Agave deserti in Organpipe Cactus National Monument, Geir K Edlund&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-400x263.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-500x328.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland.jpg?w=383&#038;h=251&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-400x263.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-768x504.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-500x328.jpg 500w\" width=\"383\" height=\"251\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"383\" data-original-height=\"251\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Agave deserti, Geir K Edlund\" alt=\"Agave deserti\" style=\"width: 383px; height: 251px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Agave deserti, Geir K Edlund <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 381px; height: 255px;\" data-original-width=\"381\" data-original-height=\"255\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/nurse-plant-hilaria-rigida-and-agave-desertii\/agave-deserti-2\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"377\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"251\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"4071\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1200,799\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Geir Edland&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 20D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Agave deserti in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California, March 2010&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1269186712&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;17&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.01&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Agave deserti&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Agave deserti\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Agave deserti in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California, Geir K Edlund&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1-400x266.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1-500x333.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1.jpg?w=377&#038;h=251&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/12\/agave-deserti-geir-k-edland-1-500x333.jpg 500w\" width=\"377\" height=\"251\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"377\" data-original-height=\"251\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Agave deserti\" alt=\"Agave deserti\" style=\"width: 377px; height: 251px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Agave deserti in Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, California, Geir K Edlund <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>(photo = Hilaria rigida, CalPhotos) Introduction Nurse plants are plants that protect and otherwise help seedlings of another species grow until they can survive on their own. Nurse plants can provide shade, reduce wind and heat, and enrich the soil. The Details Hilaria rigida (now often treated as Pleuraphis rigida, big galleta) is a common [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":624,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[25,4],"tags":[35,26],"class_list":["post-611","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-other-plants","category-succulents","tag-agave","tag-biology"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/12\/hilaria-rigida-cal-photos3.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=611"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7000,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/611\/revisions\/7000"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/624"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=611"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=611"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=611"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}