{"id":7078,"date":"2025-12-30T18:29:05","date_gmt":"2025-12-31T00:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/?p=7078"},"modified":"2025-10-14T18:43:40","modified_gmt":"2025-10-14T23:43:40","slug":"cacti-of-argentina","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/","title":{"rendered":"Cacti of Argentina"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"15\">(Photo = Parc National los cardones, Bachelot Pierre J-P)<\/p>\n<h2 data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"15\">Introduction<\/h2>\n<p data-start=\"17\" data-end=\"766\">In Argentina, cacti occupy the Monte desert, the Chaco, and high Andean puna, where low rainfall, high irradiance, and temperature swings shape plant form and function. Most species use CAM photosynthesis, opening stomata at night to limit water loss and storing CO\u2082 as malate for daytime fixation. Ribs and tubercles let stems expand after brief rains, while thick cuticles, dense spines, and wool reduce boundary\u2010layer conductance and UV exposure. Shallow, wide root systems rapidly absorb pulsed moisture; many species also invest in cortical water storage and mucilage to buffer drought. Recruitment is strongly tied to \u201cnurse\u201d cover\u2014seedlings establish under shrubs that moderate temperature, increase soil organic matter, and reduce herbivory.<\/p>\n<h3 data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"783\">The Details<\/h3>\n<p data-start=\"785\" data-end=\"1316\">In the northwest and central ranges, columnar <em data-start=\"831\" data-end=\"843\">Echinopsis<\/em> sensu lato form tall, ribbed stems that balance hydraulic safety with photosynthetic tissue. Large flowers\u2014often crepuscular or nocturnal\u2014support hawkmoth pollination; diurnal, bee-visited species are common as well. In rocky soils, small globose genera such as <em data-start=\"1106\" data-end=\"1121\">Gymnocalycium<\/em> and <em data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1135\">Parodia<\/em> stay near ground level, where convective heat loss is higher and wind exposure is lower. Their rib geometry permits rapid swelling without tearing the epidermis after short storms.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1318\" data-end=\"1903\">Opuntioids illustrate contrasting strategies. In the Chaco and Monte, <em data-start=\"1388\" data-end=\"1397\">Opuntia<\/em> species use cladodes with areoles bearing spines and glochids; many show extrafloral nectar that attracts ants, which can deter herbivores. In western basins, <em data-start=\"1557\" data-end=\"1571\">Tephrocactus<\/em> produces articulated segments that readily detach and root, coupling clonal spread with sexual reproduction to hedge against variable seed years. Farther south and at elevation, <em data-start=\"1750\" data-end=\"1761\">Maihuenia<\/em> and <em data-start=\"1766\" data-end=\"1781\">Maihueniopsis<\/em> form low cushions with small, tough leaves (in <em data-start=\"1829\" data-end=\"1840\">Maihuenia<\/em>) and compact stems that minimize frost damage and desiccation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1905\" data-end=\"2626\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Reproductive ecology is shaped by animals and climate. Fleshy fruits feed birds and small mammals that disperse seeds between shrub islands. Seed dormancy is often broken by temperature cycles, light, and mild scarification in alluvial sands. After disturbance, establishment improves where nurse shrubs like <em data-start=\"2214\" data-end=\"2222\">Larrea<\/em> or <em data-start=\"2226\" data-end=\"2236\">Prosopis<\/em> persist, while heavy grazing and frequent fire suppress recruitment. For conservation and horticulture, priorities are simple but specific: protect nurse plants, prevent wild collection, maintain sharp drainage, and allow full sun with cold-air drainage for puna taxa. In each ecoregion, these physiological and life-history traits explain where Argentine cacti occur\u2014and why they persist.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1905\" data-end=\"2626\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Additional Reading: <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Differentiation-diversity-of-Argentine-cacti.pdf\">Differentiation diversity of Argentine cacti<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-carousel-extra='null' itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageGallery\" > <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 527px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"527\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/lead-technologies-inc-v1-01\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"523\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"349\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7090\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1333\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;LEAD Technologies Inc. V1.01&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Maihueniopsis glomerata\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Maihueniopsis glomerata&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-500x333.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata.jpg?w=523&#038;h=349&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-1870x1246.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Maihueniopsis-glomerata-800x533.jpg 800w\" width=\"523\" height=\"349\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"523\" data-original-height=\"349\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Maihueniopsis glomerata\" alt=\"Maihueniopsis glomerata\" style=\"width: 523px; height: 349px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Maihueniopsis glomerata <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-2\" style=\"width: 241px; height: 353px;\" data-original-width=\"241\" data-original-height=\"353\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/quines-argentina\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"237\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"158\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7089\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1300,867\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Quines, Argentina\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Quines, Argentina&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-500x333.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina.jpg?w=237&#038;h=158&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina.jpg 1300w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Quines-Argentina-800x534.jpg 800w\" width=\"237\" height=\"158\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"237\" data-original-height=\"158\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Quines, Argentina\" alt=\"Quines, Argentina\" style=\"width: 237px; height: 158px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Quines, Argentina <\/div> <\/div> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/echinopsis-leucantha\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"237\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"187\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7088\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1576\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1359801897&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Echinopsis leucantha\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Echinopsis leucantha&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-500x394.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha.jpg?w=237&#038;h=187&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-500x394.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-768x605.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-1536x1210.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-1870x1474.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-400x315.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Echinopsis-leucantha-800x630.jpg 800w\" width=\"237\" height=\"187\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"237\" data-original-height=\"187\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Echinopsis leucantha\" alt=\"Echinopsis leucantha\" style=\"width: 237px; height: 187px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Echinopsis leucantha <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <div class=\"gallery-row\" style=\"width: 768px; height: 152px;\" data-original-width=\"768\" data-original-height=\"152\" > <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 201px; height: 152px;\" data-original-width=\"201\" data-original-height=\"152\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/trichocereus-terscheckii-andres-el-groso\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"197\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"148\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7086\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1280,960\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Trichocereus terscheckii, Andr\u00e9s el Groso\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Trichocereus terscheckii, Andr\u00e9s el Groso&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-500x375.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso.jpg?w=197&#038;h=148&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso.jpg 1280w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-500x375.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-400x300.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Trichocereus-terscheckii-Andres-el-Groso-800x600.jpg 800w\" width=\"197\" height=\"148\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"197\" data-original-height=\"148\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Trichocereus terscheckii, Andr\u00e9s el Groso\" alt=\"Trichocereus terscheckii, Andr\u00e9s el Groso\" style=\"width: 197px; height: 148px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Trichocereus terscheckii, Andr\u00e9s el Groso <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 115px; height: 152px;\" data-original-width=\"115\" data-original-height=\"152\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/la-quebrada-de-las-conchas-adam-jones\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"111\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"148\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7085\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"1500,2000\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;CD MAVICA&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1072687569&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;8.1&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;100&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.002&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;1&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"La Quebrada de las Conchas, Adam Jones\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;La Quebrada de las Conchas, Adam Jones&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-450x600.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones.jpg?w=111&#038;h=148&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-450x600.jpg 450w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-400x533.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/La-Quebrada-de-las-Conchas-Adam-Jones-800x1067.jpg 800w\" width=\"111\" height=\"148\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"111\" data-original-height=\"148\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"La Quebrada de las Conchas, Adam Jones\" alt=\"La Quebrada de las Conchas, Adam Jones\" style=\"width: 111px; height: 148px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> La Quebrada de las Conchas, Adam Jones <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 226px; height: 152px;\" data-original-width=\"226\" data-original-height=\"152\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/tephrocactus-articulatus\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"222\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"148\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7082\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1332\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;Picasa&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;Canon EOS 7D&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;1359811106&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;36&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;800&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0.0005&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tephrocactus articulatus\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Tephrocactus articulatus&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-500x333.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus.jpg?w=222&#038;h=148&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-1536x1023.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-1870x1245.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-400x266.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tephrocactus-articulatus-800x533.jpg 800w\" width=\"222\" height=\"148\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"222\" data-original-height=\"148\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Tephrocactus articulatus\" alt=\"Tephrocactus articulatus\" style=\"width: 222px; height: 148px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Tephrocactus articulatus <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <div class=\"gallery-group images-1\" style=\"width: 226px; height: 152px;\" data-original-width=\"226\" data-original-height=\"152\" > <div class=\"tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-small\" itemprop=\"associatedMedia\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/ImageObject\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/cacti-of-argentina\/tilcara-argentina-havardtl\/\" border=\"0\" itemprop=\"url\"> <meta itemprop=\"width\" content=\"222\"> <meta itemprop=\"height\" content=\"148\"> <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"\" data-attachment-id=\"7083\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl.jpg\" data-orig-size=\"2000,1334\" data-comments-opened=\"\" data-image-meta=\"{&quot;aperture&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;credit&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;camera&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;created_timestamp&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;copyright&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;focal_length&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;iso&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;shutter_speed&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;orientation&quot;:&quot;0&quot;}\" data-image-title=\"Tilcara, Argentina, Havardtl\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;Tilcara, Argentina, Havardtl&lt;\/p&gt; \" data-medium-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-400x400.jpg\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-500x334.jpg\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl.jpg?w=222&#038;h=148&#038;ssl=1\" srcset=\"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl.jpg 2000w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-500x334.jpg 500w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-1536x1025.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-1870x1247.jpg 1870w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-400x267.jpg 400w, https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Tilcara-Argentina-Havardtl-800x534.jpg 800w\" width=\"222\" height=\"148\" loading=\"lazy\" data-original-width=\"222\" data-original-height=\"148\" itemprop=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/image\" title=\"Tilcara, Argentina, Havardtl\" alt=\"Tilcara, Argentina, Havardtl\" style=\"width: 222px; height: 148px;\" \/> <\/a> <div class=\"tiled-gallery-caption\" itemprop=\"caption description\"> Tilcara, Argentina, Havardtl <\/div> <\/div> <\/div> <!-- close group --> <\/div> <!-- close row --> <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; (Photo = Parc National los cardones, Bachelot Pierre J-P) Introduction In Argentina, cacti occupy the Monte desert, the Chaco, and high Andean puna, where low rainfall, high irradiance, and temperature swings shape plant form and function. Most species use CAM photosynthesis, opening stomata at night to limit water loss and storing CO\u2082 as malate [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":7087,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3],"tags":[28],"class_list":["post-7078","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cacti","tag-south-america"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/10\/Parc-National-los-cardones-Bachelot-Pierre-J-P.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7078"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7093,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7078\/revisions\/7093"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7078"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7078"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/opuntiads.com\/oblog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7078"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}